INTRODUCTION TO SURVEYING AND CHAIN
SURVEYING
1.1 INTRODUCTION TO SURVEYING
DEFINITION – OBJECTIVES AND USES OF SURVEYING –
MAIN DIVISIONS OF SURVEYING – PLANE AND GEODETIC
SURVEYING – CLASSIFICATION OF SURVEYING –
PRINCIPLES OF SURVEYING.
1.2 CHAIN SURVEYING
INTRODUCTION – INSTRUMENTS USED FOR CHAINING –
CHAINS AND TAPES – TYPES – DEFINITIONS OF TERMS
COMMONLY USED IN CHAIN SURVEYING: SURVEY
STATIONS, BASE LINE, CHECK LINE AND TIE LINE –
RANGING: DIRECT AND INDIRECT RANGING – OFFSETS:
DEFINITION, TYPES, INSTRUMENTS USED AND
PROCEDURE OF TAKING AN OFFSET – CONVENTIONAL
SIGNS – CHAIN SURVEYING: EQUIPMENT REQUIRED,
FIELD WORK AND RECORDING FIELD NOTES – ERRORS IN
CHAINING – OBSTACLES IN CHAINING: TYPES – TAPE
CORRECTION AND ITS NECESSITY.